Doctor>Ask Doctor About BPH or Prostate Enlargement

I have BPH. Does the size of my prostate gland matter? I thought BPH indicated an enlarged prostate, but my prostate doctor says my gland is small?

Well... in the case of prostate BPH and prostatitis, size does matter, but not in the way that you may think. A large prostate gland may not cause any obstruction, and a small prostate gland may cause a lot. Just like real estate, location matters most! When a small gland is obstructing, medications such as alpha-blockers may be most appropriate, and minimally invasive prostate surgeries can be very effective. When large prostate glands cause the problem of BPH, prostate medications such as finasteride may be used to prevent the prostate from growing further, potentially reducing the risk of developing sudden retention requiring surgery. If surgery is required for a large prostate gland, it may need to be more invasive than the options for small prostate glands.


How common is BPH?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatitis is the commonest condition to affect men beyond middle age.  Around 43% of men over the age of 65 have prostate enlarged symptoms and by the age of 80 almost 80% of men are afflicted by BPH.

What causes BPH?

It's caused by a benign (ie non-cancerous) overgrowth of tissue in the middle part of the prostate caused by prostatitis, another name is prostatic hyperplasia, the prostate infection actually starts this BPH process off or allows it to progress. 

Which are the most troublesome symptoms of BPH?

Prostatitis symptoms are similar to BPH symptoms, many men find that having to get up and go to the toilet at night is the most troublesome aspect of BPH, as it makes them tired during the day.  Another common symptoms of BPH is having to urinate frequently during the day, sometimes with a sense of urgency, can also be trying for patients, and can make traveling or attending events, such as the theatre or cinema, rather difficult.  Another symptoms of BPH is incomplete emptying of the bladder can be progressive and eventually result in complete retention of urine.  If this occurs a catheter (tube into the bladder) will be necessary as the bladder rapidly becomes over distended and painful.

Can I ignore these symptoms of BPH?

If you've read this far, you'll know that the symptoms of BPH can be similar to those of prostatitis.  For this reason alone you should see your prostate GP.  Even if you do have BPH, an enlarged prostate can cause back pressure effects in the bladder and kidneys. Bladder stones can also form, and can be painful, while continued obstruction of the urethra can cause kidney damage, which may be permanent. 

What should I do if I am suddenly unable to pass urine?

Prostate symptoms are similar to prostatitis, such as acute urinary retention (the sudden, painful inability to urinate) is a common complication of BPH.  It is usually, but not always, preceded by symptoms of prostatic obstruction. Try to drink less fluid because your bladder will already be uncomfortably full. Prostate doctor inserts a catheter passed via the penis to drain your over distended bladder. 

What are the side effects of medical therapy for BPH?

For prostatitis and BPH, the alpha blockers can all cause dizziness, headaches and nasal stuffiness.  The older drugs also caused low blood pressure and fainting but this is now uncommon.  The 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors cause loss of libido and reduced erections in 3- 5% of patients, as well as a reduction in the volume of ejaculate.  1% of patients develop minor breast enlargement on these prostate medications.  All these side-effects disappear if BPH treatment is stopped.

Are microwave and laser treatments safe for BPH? And do they work to reduce prostate symptoms?

A great deal of work has gone into developing alternatives to traditional prostate surgery.  Both microwave and laser BPH treatment appear to be safe and they probably have less effect on ejaculation than TURP. Prostatitis is also an important cause of BPH. In terms of how well they work, results with these techniques are improving as the technology develops, but heat-based BPH treatments such as these still do not produce the rapid and reliable results achieved with TURP.  Patients also complain prostate symptoms of burning sensation during the passage of urine and this may persist for many weeks after the procedure.




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